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linkages

 
     
  The contacts and flows of information and/or materials between two or more individuals. The term is widely used in both industrial geography and the geography of services to indicate inter-firm interdependence and its effects on location choice (see agglomeration). A firm\'s linkages can be divided into: (1) backward, which provide goods and services for its production activities; (2) forward — links with customers purchasing its products; and (3) sideways — interactions with other firms involved in the same processes. Membership of such networks is increasingly seen as crucial to success and survival for a firm, especially a small firm. (See also integration; locational interdependence.) (RJJ)  
 

 

 

 
 
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Other Terms : geopiety | Kondratieff cycles | spatial separatism
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